Faute d’accord, les dirigeants ouest-africains réunis à Accra samedi ont reporté à un nouveau sommet qui se tiendra le 3 juillet, la décision sur les sanctions à l’encontre des régimes putschistes du Mali, du Burkina Faso et de Guinée, affirment de sources proches de la rencontre.
Les décisions de la Communauté économique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Cédéao) “sont reportées à un sommet ici à Accra le 3 juillet”, a dit à un correspondant de l’AFP un responsable de la présidence ghanéenne sous le couvert de l’anonymat. Un participant au sommet a expliqué, également sous le couvert de l’anonymat, que les chefs d’Etat n’avaient pas réussi à s’entendre, “surtout sur le Mali”.
Les dirigeants ouest-africains étaient réunis ce samedi 4 juin à Accra, au Ghana, pour décider d’atténuer ou de durcir les sanctions contre le Mali, le Burkina Faso et la Guinée, où les juntes n’entendent pas lâcher de sitôt le pouvoir pris par la force.
“Cette réunion continuera à se concentrer sur l’instabilité politique qui sévit dans la région et la résurgence des coups d’Etat depuis août 2020”, a déclaré le président ghanéen Nana Akufo-Addo à l’ouverture de la session en présence des chefs d’Etat de la plupart des 15 pays membres de la Communauté économique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Cédéao).
Aucun représentant des trois pays concernés n’a en revanche été aperçu.
“Ce sommet réexaminera et évaluera la situation au Mali, en Guinée et au Burkina Faso à la lumière des récents évènements dans la région et du contexte global qui affectent nos pays”, a-t-il dit avant que les leaders n’entament leurs travaux à huis clos.
Ils doivent dire en particulier s’ils maintiennent, allègent voire lèvent les sévères mesures de rétorsion infligées au Mali le 9 janvier pour stopper le projet des militaires de gouverner cinq années de plus.
Le Burkina, autre pays sahélien pris dans la tourmente jihadiste, et la Guinée ne sont pour l’heure que suspendus des organes de la Cédéao. Mais les juntes en place entendent y rester trois ans et exposent leur pays aux foudres de la Cédéao.
L’Afrique de l’Ouest a vu se succéder les coups de force des colonels et lieutenants-colonels en moins de deux ans: putsch le 18 août 2020 à Bamako, nouveau fait accompli parachevant le premier le 24 mai 2021, putsch le 5 septembre 2021 à Conakry, putsch le 24 janvier 2022 à Ouagadougou.
Depuis 2020, la Cédéao, alarmée du risque de contagion dans une région vulnérable, multiplie les sommets, les médiations et les pressions pour abréger les périodes dites de transition avant un retour des civils à la direction de leur pays.
Elle se heurte aux résistances des nouveaux hommes forts, qu’il s’agisse du colonel Assimi Goïta au Mali, du colonel Mamady Doumbouya en Guinée ou du lieutenant-colonel Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, qui se sont tous fait investir présidents entre-temps.
Les nouveaux gouvernants en uniforme invoquent la gravité des crises auxquels ils sont confrontés, sécuritaire au Mali et au Burkina, sociale et politique dans les trois pays. Ils veulent avoir le temps nécessaire à ce qu’ils présentent comme leur entreprise de “refondation” de leur Etat, et à l’organisation d’élections crédibles.
Au Mali, la junte s’est dédite de son engagement initial à céder la place au bout de 18 mois après des élections promises en février 2022. Quand elle est allée jusqu’à envisager cinq années supplémentaires, la Cédéao a sévi le 9 janvier, fermant les frontières et suspendant les échanges commerciaux et financiers hors produits de première nécessité.
Un rapport de l’ONU indique que, dans un contexte de crise déjà aiguë, les sanctions ont “sévèrement affecté” certains secteurs et “empiré les conditions de vie, en particulier celles des pauvres”.
– “Impensable” –
Passé les protestations, les autorités ont ramené leurs prétentions à 24 mois. Jusqu’alors la Cédéao a consenti au maximum à 16 mois et indiqué que les sanctions ne seraient levées progressivement que quand le Mali présenterait un calendrier acceptable.
Différents protagonistes ont souligné qu’il y avait l’espace pour un compromis.
“Nous pouvons nous mettre d’accord sur une échéance qui serait comprise entre seize et vingt-quatre mois”, a dit dernièrement dans le magazine Jeune Afrique le chef de l’Etat sénégalais, président en exercice de l’Union africaine.
En revanche, “pour la Guinée, la Cédéao va devoir prendre des mesures”, a-t-il dit. Il a qualifié d'”impensable” le délai de 39 mois, depuis ramené à 36, que s’impartit le colonel Doumbouya.
Lors d’un précédent sommet le 25 mars, la Cédéao avait donné à la junte jusqu’au 25 avril pour présenter un échéancier “acceptable”. A défaut, “des sanctions économiques et financières entreront immédiatement en vigueur”, avait-elle prévenu.
La Cédéao a déjà annoncé le gel des avoirs financiers des membres de la junte et de leurs familles. Ils ont l’interdiction de voyager au sein de la Cédéao.
Le Burkina, lui, “semble plus raisonnable” au président de l’Union africaine.
Le sommet de mars avait fixé au Burkina le même ultimatum qu’à la Guinée. Mais à la demande de la junte, la Cédéao a dépêché fin mai une mission de trois jours pour évaluer la situation au Burkina, où les attaques jihadistes sanglantes se succèdent.
Le rapport de la mission, soumis samedi au sommet d’Accra, constate que “la situation humanitaire et sécuritaire reste difficile” et “il faut évidemment prendre la mesure de cette situation”, a déclaré le président de la commission de la Cédéao Jean-Claude Kassi Brou.
Credit: AFP/VOA
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